Data & licences

This site exists because these organisations publish their work openly. Every dataset below is credited as its licence requires.

Dataset Publisher Licence Used for
GHS Urban Centre Database R2024A European Commission, Joint Research Centre CC BY 4.0 City boundaries and reference population
WorldPop gridded population, 2020, 1 km WorldPop, University of Southampton CC BY 4.0 Population weighting of every indicator
Global river flood hazard maps v2.1.2 (90 m) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (CEMS / GloFAS) CC BY 4.0 River flood inundation depth at seven return periods
Aqueduct Floods coastal hazard maps World Resources Institute CC BY 4.0 Coastal flood inundation depth at six return periods
ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat) United States Geological Survey Public domain Earthquake locations, depths and magnitudes since 1970
IBTrACS v04r01 tropical cyclone best tracks NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Public domain Cyclone tracks and intensities since 1980
FIRMS active fire detections, VIIRS S-NPP 375 m NASA LANCE / FIRMS NASA open data Vegetation fire detections since 2013
CHELSA V2.1 climatologies (BIO5, 1981-2010) Karger, D.N. et al., WSL CC0 / CC BY 4.0 Maximum temperature of the warmest month
Warm-days index (TX90p), via GHS-UCDB Sandstad, M. et al. (2022), published per urban centre by the JRC CC BY 4.0 Heat trend shown alongside the heat score (not scored)
PM2.5 concentrations and attributable mortality, via GHS-UCDB Shen, S. Li et al. (2024); Belis et al. (2023); JRC CC BY 4.0 Population-weighted PM2.5 and premature deaths
Global Solar Atlas 2.0, via GHS-UCDB World Bank / Solargis CC BY 4.0 Photovoltaic potential (city profile, not scored)
healthsites.io facility register, via GHS-UCDB Healthsites.io / OpenStreetMap contributors ODbL Hospitals per capita (city profile, not scored)
OpenStreetMap OpenStreetMap contributors ODbL Basemap

Licence compatibility

This site carries a donation link and may carry advertising, which makes it a commercial use in licensing terms. Every dataset above therefore permits commercial use with attribution. Datasets that would otherwise be the best available - notably the GEM Global Seismic Hazard Map (CC BY-NC-SA), the SEDAC Natural Disaster Hotspots layers and WorldClim - are excluded for that reason, and the methodology explains what is used instead and what is lost by the substitution.

Citation

If you use these figures, please cite the original data publishers above rather than this site. The scores here are a derived product; the science is theirs.